Citing Murphy Oil USA, Inc., 361 NLRB No. 72 (2014), and D. R. Horton, Inc., 357 NLRB No. 184 (2012), a Board panel majority consisting of Chairman Pearce and Member Hirozawa adopted the Administrative Law Judge’s findings that the Respondent violated Section 8(a)(1) by maintaining and enforcing an arbitration agreement that requires employees, as a condition of employment, to waive their rights to purse class or collective actions involving employment-related claims in all forums, whether arbitral or judicial. Member Miscimarra dissented and would find that the maintenance and enforcement of agreements between employers and employees that waive class and collective actions do not violate Section 8(a)(1), especially when they contain an opt-out provision, as here.
Charge filed by an individual. Administrative Law Judge Ira Sandron issued his decision on July 16, 2015. Chairman Pearce and Members Miscimarra and Hirozawa participated.
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A Board panel majority consisting of Chairman Pearce and Member McFerran affirmed the Administrative Law Judge’s findings that the Respondent violated Section 8(a)(1) of the Act by requiring prospective employees to sign job applications that included a provision waiving their Section 7 rights to bring or otherwise participate in a class, joint, or collective action, and by attempting to enforce the waiver in court. Member Miscimarra dissented, arguing (among other points) that the Board does not have authority to dictate the procedures for litigating claims that do not arise under the Act and that the Act protects employees’ rights to bring claims individually. The panel majority also affirmed the Judge’s finding that the Respondent violated Section 8(a)(1) by enforcing its mandatory waiver through its motion to strike the class and collective allegations in a wage-hour lawsuit filed by the Charging Party. In dissent, Member Miscimarra would find that the Respondent’s motion to strike was protected by the First Amendment’s Petition Clause.
Charge filed by an individual. Administrative Law Judge Arthur J. Amchan issued his decision on October 25, 2012. Chairman Pearce and Members Miscimarra and McFerran participated.
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A unanimous panel of the Board affirmed the Administrative Law Judge’s finding that Respondents International Longshore and Warehouse Union, AFL-CIO, and International Longshore and Warehouse Union, Local 8, AFL-CIO (collectively, the Respondents), violated the Act by, since September 2012, inducing and encouraging longshoremen employed by ICTSI Oregon, Inc. to engage in a deliberate work slowdown at Terminal 6 of the Port of Portland, with an unlawful “cease doing business” object, namely forcing or requiring ICTSI and the steamship carriers that call on Terminal 6 to seek the Port’s relinquishment of control over the dockside reefer work at Terminal 6 for the benefit of workers represented by Respondent ILWU Local 8.
The Board ordered the Respondents to cease and desist from inducing or encouraging employees of ICTSI Oregon, Inc., or any other employer to engage in a slowdown or otherwise refuse to handle or work on goods or refuse to perform services if an object is to force ICTSI Oregon, Inc., the carriers who call on Terminal 6, or any other person, to cease doing business with the Port of Portland. The Board also ordered the Respondents to post a notice regarding the cease and desist order at their offices and dispatch hall, and to mail a copy of the order to all of their members who have worked at Terminal 6 since September 1, 2012.
There were no exceptions filed to the Administrative Law Judge’s dismissal of the complaint allegations against Respondent ILWU Local 40.
Charges filed by ICTSI Oregon, Inc. Administrative Law Judge Jeffrey D. Wedekind issued his decision on May 30, 2014. Chairman Pearce and Members Hirozawa and McFerran participated.
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New York University (02-CA-120698; 363 NLRB No. 48) New York, NY, November 30, 2015.The Board adopted the Administrative Law Judge’s findings that the Respondent violated Section 8(a)(5) and (1) by failing and refusing to bargain with the Union over the effects of its decision to change the job duties and job descriptions of certain unit employees working in library clerical positions. To remedy the violation, the Board ordered the Respondent to bargain with the Union upon request over the effects of its decision, to rescind, upon request by the Union, the effects that were visited upon employees, and to remove all adverse comments from the job evaluations of affected employees related to its failure and refusal to bargain.
Charge filed by Union of Clerical, Administrative, and Technical Staff (UCATS) at NYU, Local 3882, NYSUT, AFT, AFL-CIO. Administrative Law Judge Lauren Esposito issued her decision on April 21, 2015. Chairman Pearce and Members Hirozawa and McFerran participated.
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A Board panel majority consisting of Chairman Pearce and Member McFerran granted the General Counsel’s motion for summary judgment, finding that the Respondent violated Section 8(a)(1) by maintaining a mandatory arbitration agreement that requires employees, as a condition of employment, to waive their right to maintain class or collective actions in all forums. The majority also found that the Respondent unlawfully enforced that provision by filing a motion in California Superior Court to compel the Charging Party to submit his class action wage and hour claim to individual arbitration. In a dissenting opinion, Member Miscimarra would find that the agreement and the Respondent’s enforcement are lawful, arguing that the NLRA creates no substantive right for employees to engage in class treatment of non-NLRA claims, that a waiver of non-NLRA claims does not infringe on any NLRA rights or obligations, and that enforcement of non-NLRA class action waivers is warranted by the Federal Arbitration Act.
Charge filed by an individual. Chairman Pearce and Members Miscimarra and McFerran participated.
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In accord with the Administrative Law Judge’s application of D.R. Horton, 357 NLRB No. 184 (2012) and Murphy Oil USA Inc., 361 NLRB No. 72 (2014), a Board panel majority consisting of Chairman Pearce and Member McFerran found that the Respondent violated Section 8(a)(1) by maintaining and enforcing an arbitration agreement that requires employees, as a condition of employment, to waive their rights to pursue class or collective actions involving employment-related claims in all forums, whether arbitral or judicial. The majority also found that the Respondent violated Section 8(a)(1) by maintaining the arbitration agreement because employees reasonably would believe that it bars or restricts their right to file unfair labor practice charges with the Board. In so doing, the majority rejected the Respondent’s arguments that the complaint was time-barred under Section 10(b), that the General Counsel failed to properly allege that the Respondent violated the Act by maintaining an arbitration agreement that would reasonably be interpreted as preventing employees from filing charges with the Board, and that the judge erred by failing to issue a stay pending the outcome of related civil litigation. The majority amended the judge’s recommended remedy consistent with the Board’s decision in Murphy Oil and ordered the Respondent to notify the two courts in question that it has rescinded or revised the arbitration agreement and no longer opposes the employees’ lawsuit on the basis of the arbitration agreement. Member Miscimarra dissented in part for the reasons explained in his partial dissenting opinion in Murphy Oil, but agreed with the majority that the arbitration agreement unlawfully interferes with the filing of charges with the Board.
Charges filed by The Sawaya & Miler Law Firm. Administrative Law Judge Lauren Esposito issued her decision on June 4, 2014. Chairman Pearce and Members Miscimarra and McFerran participated.
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Applying Murphy Oil USA, Inc., 361 NLRB No. 72 (2014), and D.R. Horton, Inc., 357 NLRB No. 184 (2012), a panel majority consisting of Members Hirozawa and McFerran affirmed the Administrative Law Judge’s finding that the Respondent violated Section 8(a)(1) by maintaining a mandatory arbitration agreement that requires employees, as a condition of employment, to agree to resolve certain employment-related disputes exclusively through individual arbitration, thus waiving their right to pursue class, collective, or other representative actions. Member Miscimarra dissented from this finding. Citing his partial dissent in Murphy Oil, Member Miscimarra would find that the agreement does not violate Section 8(a)(1). In addition, the panel unanimously found, contrary to the Administrative Law Judge, that the Respondent did not violate Section 8(a)(3) when it presented its arbitration policy to the American Arbitration Association in response to a former employee’s demand for class arbitration. Accordingly, the panel dismissed that allegation.
Charge filed by an individual. Administrative Law Judge Donna N. Dawson issued her decision on December 23, 2014. Members Miscimarra, Hirozawa, and McFerran participated.
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The Board affirmed the Administrative Law Judge’s findings that the Respondent violated Section 8(a)(3) and (1) when it issued a negative performance review to an employee for engaging in protected union activity. Charge filed by an individual. Administrative Law Judge Arthur J. Amchan issued his decision on August 25, 2015. Chairman Pearce and Members Hirozawa and McFerran participated.
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A Board panel majority consisting of Chairman Pearce and Member Hirozawa affirmed the Regional Director’s finding that the Employer’s tugboat captains are not supervisors within the meaning of Section 2(11) of the Act, and therefore denied the Employer’s petition to clarify the unit to exclude those captains. In doing so, the Board majority affirmed the Regional Director’s application of the standard in Oakwood Healthcare, Inc., 348 NLRB 686 (2006), and did not rely on previous precedent applying different standards. Finally, the Board majority found that the record does not show that the Employer holds its captains accountable for other employees’ performance. Member Miscimarra dissented, and would have found that the disputed captains responsibly direct and assign employees, and therefore are statutory supervisors.
Petition filed by Buchanan Marine, L.P., to clarify a unit represented by Local 333, United Marine Division, International Longshoremen’s Association, AFL-CIO. Chairman Pearce and Members Miscimarra and Hirozawa participated.
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The Board affirmed the Administrative Law Judge’s finding that the Respondent violated Section 8(a)(5) and (1) by failing to timely notify the Union and afford it an opportunity to bargain over the effects of its decision to close the inpatient obstetrics unit and discontinue the HealthStart program, and failing to provide the Union with the information it requested in its January 15 and May 9, 2014 letters, with the exception of the first portion of May 9 request 4. The Board also adopted the Judge’s recommendation for a limited backpay remedy under Transmarine Navigation Corp., 170 NLRB 389. The Board also ordered the Respondent to mail a copy of the Notice to the terminated employees, and the panel majority consisting of Chairman Pearce and Member McFerran ordered the Board’s notice be read aloud to the Respondent’s employees by the Respondent’s chief executive officer or, at the Respondent’s option, by a Board agent in that officer’s presence. Member Miscimarra disagreed with the majority that a notice-reading remedy is warranted in this case.
Charge filed by Health Professionals and Allied Employees, AFT/AFL-CIO. Administrative Law Judge Susan A. Flynn issued her decision on February 27, 2015. Chairman Pearce and Members Miscimarra and McFerran participated.
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The Board granted the Respondent’s motion to dismiss the complaint because it found that deferral to the grievance-arbitration procedure in the parties’ collective-bargaining agreement is appropriate under Collyer Insulated Wire, 192 NLRB 837 (1971), and its progeny. The Board did not apply the modified prearbitral deferral standard that it articulated in Babcock & Wilcox Construction Co., 361 NLRB No. 132 (2014), because that standard only applies prospectively, and this case was pending at the time that Babcock & Wilcox, supra, was decided. The Board found that the single allegation that the Respondent violated Section 8(a)(3) and (1) by issuing a warning letter to a union steward for engaging in protected union activity did not, by itself, establish that there is a claim of employer animosity to employees’ exercise of protected statutory rights. Additionally, the Board found that although the parties’ collective-bargaining agreement lacks language that expressly provides for the resolution of claims of unjust discipline less than discharge, the fact that the parties have previously used the grievance-arbitration procedure to process such claims indicates that they both consider such disputes to be subject to the grievance-arbitration procedure.
Charge filed by International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Iron Shipbuilders, Blacksmiths, Forgers and Helpers, Local #900. Chairman Pearce and Members Miscimarra and Hirozawa participated.
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The Board affirmed the Administrative Law Judge’s finding that the Board has jurisdiction over the Respondent, a casino owned and operated by the Pauma Band of Mission Indians. The Board also affirmed the Judge’s findings that the Respondent violated Section 8(a)(1) by maintaining and enforcing a rule prohibiting employees from distributing literature in the “guest areas” of the casino; prohibiting employees from distributing literature near the casino’s main entrance and threatening them with discipline for doing so; and disciplining an employee for distributing union literature during non-working hours and in a non-working area. A panel majority consisting of Member Miscimarra and Member McFerran found it unnecessary to pass on the Judge’s finding that Respondent violated Section 8(a)(3) by disciplining an employee for the distribution of union literature. In dissent, Member Hirozawa would find that violation.
Charges filed by Unite Here International Union. Administrative Law Judge Ariel L. Sotolongo issued his decision on June 4, 2015. Members Miscimarra, McFerran, and Hirozawa participated.
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R Cases
Rhino Northwest, LLC (19-RC-152947) Fife, WA, November 30, 2015. A Board panel unanimously denied the Employer’s Request for Review of the Regional Director’s finding that the petitioned-for unit of the Employer’s riggers, excluding other stagehands, is an appropriate unit. The Regional Director found that the riggers are a readily-identifiable group of workers who share a community of interest because they perform the unique job function of suspending and removing apparatus from above performance stages, are separately supervised, and receive a different rate of pay. Further, the Regional Director found, and the Board panel agreed, that given the significant differences between the riggers and other stagehands, including separate supervision, different job functions, and different terms and conditions of employment, namely a higher hourly wage and shorter work hours, the Employer failed to demonstrate that the riggers share an overwhelming community of interest with the other stagehands, which the Employer sought to include. Petitioner—Local No. 15, International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees and Moving Picture Technicians, Artists, and Allied Crafts of the United States, Its Territories and Canada, AFL-CIO, CLC. Chairman Pearce and Members Hirozawa and McFerran participated.
Lift Truck Sales and Services, Inc. (14-RD-153982) Kansas City, MO, December 2, 2015. The Board granted the Building Materials, Excavating, Heavy Haulers, Drivers, Warehousemen and Helpers, Local Union No. 541, affiliated with International Brotherhood of Teamsters’ (the Union) Request for Review of the Regional Director’s decision and direction of election. The Regional Director applied Master Slack Corp., 271 NLRB 78 (1984) to find that the decertification petition had not been tainted by prior settled unfair labor practice charges, which were remedied by the terms of an informal Board settlement agreement and the Employer’s actions pursuant to the agreement. The Regional Director, applying the Poole Foundry and Machine Co., 95 NLRB 34 (1951), line of cases, also found that the petition was timely filed because the parties had a reasonable time to bargain for a successor contract after entering into the settlement agreement and prior to the filing of the petition. The Employer admitted in the settlement agreement that it violated Sections 8(a) (1) and (5) of the Act “by engaging in bad faith bargaining designed to frustrate the parties’ ability to achieve agreement on a new collective bargaining agreement” and acknowledged that the unfair labor practices admitted were sufficient to taint a previous decertification petition and require the dismissal of that petition. The Union argued that the Regional Director incorrectly applied the Master Slack causation analysis in finding that the instant petition had not been tainted by the prior settled unfair labor practices, and instead should have applied the standard set forth in Lee Lumber Material Corp., 322 NLRB 175, 178 (1996), which presumes an unlawful taint based on a prior refusal to recognize or bargain that must be rebutted by an employer showing that employee disaffection arose after the employer resumed its recognition of the union and bargained for a reasonable period of time without committing any additional unfair labor practices that would detrimentally affect the bargaining unit. The Union, distinguishing this case from Poole Foundry, asserted that based on Lee Lumber & Building Material Corp., 334 NLRB 399 (2001), a reasonable period of time for bargaining is a minimum of 6 months following the resumption of bargaining in good faith, pursuant to the settlement agreement, and that the Regional Director erred by not equating the settlement agreement with an adjudication by the Board. The Union emphasized that the Board has treated settlement agreements containing an admission of unlawful conduct as the functional equivalent of a Board adjudication of unlawful conduct, citing TruServ Corp., 349 NLRB 227 (2007). The Union argued that to the extent that there is an absence of precedent as to whether the 6-month minimum insulated bargaining period established in Lee Lumber would apply where a settlement of unfair labor practices contains an admission of bad faith bargaining, the Board should grant review to address this matter. Petitioner—an individual. Chairman Pearce and Members Miscimarra and Hirozawa participated.
C Cases
Shamrock Foods Company (28-CA-150157) Phoenix, AZ, December 1, 2015. The Board denied the Respondent’s request for special permission to appeal the Administrative Law Judge’s order denying the Respondent’s petition to revoke a subpoena duces tecum. The Board found that the Respondent failed to establish that the judge abused his discretion. Charge filed by Bakery, Confectionary, Tobacco Workers, and Grain Millers’ International Union, Local Union No. 232, AFL-CIO, CLC. Members Miscimarra, Hirozawa, and McFerran participated.
Denmar Electric Corporation (02-CA-147463) New York, NY, December 1, 2015. The Board approved the parties’ formal settlement agreement and issued an order requiring the Respondent Employer to bargain with the Union as the collective-bargaining representative of a unit of its mechanical engineers. Pursuant to the settlement agreement, the order requires the parties to meet at least twice a month for a minimum of two hours in the presence of a stenographer and to extend the Union’s status as the exclusive bargaining representative for an additional nine months upon the commencement of bargaining. Charge filed by Local 3, International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers. Chairman Pearce and Members Hirozawa, and McFerran participated.
A&K Signal and Utility Company, LLC (28-CA-151930) Phoenix, AZ, December 1, 2015. No exceptions having been filed the October 21, 2015 decision of Administrative Law Judge Eleanor Laws finding that the Respondent had engaged in certain unfair labor practices, the Board adopted the Judge’s findings and conclusions, and ordered the Respondent to take the action set forth in the Judge’s recommended Order. Charge filed by International Union of Operating Engineers, Local No. 428, AFL-CIO.
Trane Puerto Rico, Inc. (12-CA-144599) San Juan, PR, December 1, 2015. No exceptions having been filed the October 15, 2015 decision of Administrative Law Judge Robert A. Giannasi finding that the Respondent had engaged in certain unfair labor practices, the Board adopted the Judge’s findings and conclusions, and ordered the Respondent to take the action set forth in the Judge’s recommended Order. Charge filed by Congreso de Uniones Industriales de Puerto Rico.
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (31-CA-143038) Los Angeles, CA, December 1, 2015. A Board panel majority consisting of Members Hirozawa and McFerran denied the Respondent’s request for special permission to appeal the Administrative Law Judge’s ruling. The Board found that the judge did not abuse his discretion by precluding as irrelevant the Respondent’s proposed testimony by its recruitment manager and a linguistics expert concerning how employees would reasonably interpret the Respondent’s arbitration agreement. Member Miscimarra, dissenting, would grant the Respondent’s request. In his view, although the Board’s test purports to be an objective one, the proposed testimony could assist the Board’s determination and should be evaluated. Moreover, Member Miscimarra expressed his disagreement with the current standard, as set forth in Lutheran Heritage Village-Livonia, 343 NLRB 646, 647 (2004). Charge filed by an individual. Members Miscimarra, Hirozawa, and McFerran participated.
Lear Renosol Selma Manufacturing Facility (15-CA-140072) Selma, AL, December 2, 2015. A Board panel majority consisting of Members Hirozawa and McFerran denied the Employer’s petition to revoke an investigative subpoena duces tecum and several subpoenas ad testificandum. The Board found that the subpoenas sought information relevant to the matters under investigation and described with sufficient particularity the evidence sought. Further, the Board held that the Employer failed to establish any other legal basis for revoking the subpoenas. In addition, the Board rejected the Employer’s argument that the subpoenas must be revoked or a protective order entered because the Region’s investigation is in violation of the Memorandum of Understanding Between OSHA and NLRB, 40 FR 26083 (June 20, 1975) (the MOU). The Board noted that the MOU states in relevant part that "[w]here a charge involving issues covered by Section 11(c) of the OSH Act has been filed with the General Counsel and a complaint has also been filed with OSHA as to the same factual matters, the General Counsel will, absent withdrawal of the matter, defer or dismiss the charge." The Board found, however, that the MOU does not require the Region to determine whether to defer or dismiss such charges, or engage in consultations with the Solicitor of Labor concerning deferral or dismissal, without having investigated the facts and circumstances surrounding the allegations.
In dissent, Member Miscimarra stated that he would grant the petition to revoke, without prejudice to the Region’s reissuance of one or more of the subpoenas following the consultation prescribed in the MOU. In his view, although the MOU does not explicitly indicate when compliance with these procedures is to occur, in light of its stated goal of obviating duplicate litigation, he believes the MOU requires the General Counsel to comply with these procedures before the Region conducts any investigation.
Charge filed by International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace & Agricultural Implement Workers of America. Members Miscimarra, Hirozawa and McFerran participated.
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International Union of Operating Engineers, Local 627, Board Case No. 17-CB-072671 (reported at 361 NLRB No. 93) (10th Cir. decided December 3, 2015)
In an unpublished judgment, the court enforced the Board’s order in full.
The union represents approximately 1,200 employee-members, primarily in the construction industry, from district offices in Tulsa, Oklahoma and Oklahoma City, and operates an exclusive hiring hall. To operate the hall, the union maintains an out-of-work referral list to track which members need work and to determine who should be referred to new jobs. In early 2011, a union member who utilized the hiring hall filed a charge with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and later, with two other union members, filed a lawsuit against the union alleging discrimination. After she was laid off from a job, she had numerous contacts with the hiring hall attempting to secure jobs from the referral list. During this period, the union engaged in conduct that the Board (Chairman Pearce and Members Miscimarra and Hirozawa) found, in agreement with the administrative law judge, violated Section 8(b)(1)(A) and (2) of the Act by denying her requests to examine the referral list, removing her from the list, refusing to allow her to re-register on the list, and refusing to stamp her Oklahoma Employment Security Commission's work-search book.
On review, the court concluded that substantial evidence supported each of the Board’s unfair-labor-practice findings. In rejecting the union’s contentions, the court explained: “Instead of challenging the sufficiency of the evidence, the Union criticizes the [Board]’s interpretation of the evidence in the record and the [Board]’s decision to credit one version of events over another. We decline the invitation to usurp the role of the agency fact-finder.”
The court’s judgment is available here (link is external).
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Administrative Law Judge Decisions
Jack in the Box, Inc. (32-CA-145068; JD(SF)-48-15) Nationwide. Administrative Law Judge Mary Miller Cracraft issued her decision on December 1, 2015. Charge filed by an individual.
Grand Medical Transportation, LLC ( 22-CA-140495; JD(ATL)-22-15) Irvington, NJ. Administrative Law Judge Ira Sandron issued his decision on December 2, 2015. Charge filed by Med-Life M&M.
Michigan Bell Telephone Company (07-CA-150005; JD-66-15) Grand Rapids, MI. Administrative Law Judge Arthur J. Amchan issued his decision on December 3, 2015. Charge filed by Local 4034, Communications Workers of America (CWA), AFL-CIO.
Source: NLRB
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