From January 2011 through December 2013, 4.3 million workers
were displaced from jobs they had held for at least 3 years, the U.S. Bureau of
Labor Statistics reported today. This was down from 6.1 million workers for the
prior survey period covering January 2009 to December 2011. In January 2014, 61
percent of workers displaced from 2011 to 2013 were reemployed, up by 5
percentage points from the prior survey in January 2012.
Since 1984, the Employment and Training Administration of
the U.S. Department of Labor has sponsored surveys that collect information on
workers who were displaced from their jobs. These surveys have been conducted
biennially as supplements to the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly
survey of households that is the primary source of information on the nation's
labor force.
Displaced workers are defined as persons 20 years of age and
older who lost or left jobs because their plant or company closed or moved,
there was insufficient work for them to do, or their position or shift was
abolished. The period covered in this study was 2011-13, the 3 calendar years
prior to the January 2014 survey date. Most of this period was characterized by
employment growth. The following analysis focuses primarily on the 4.3 million
persons who had worked for their employer for 3 or more years at the time of
displacement (referred to as long-tenured). An additional 5.2 million persons
were displaced from jobs they had held for less than 3 years (referred to as short-tenured).
Combining the short- and long-tenured groups, the number of displaced workers
totaled 9.5 million from 2011 to 2013. In the prior survey, which was conducted
in January 2012 and covered 2009-11, this group numbered 12.9 million.
Highlights from the January 2014 survey include:
--In January 2014,
61 percent of the 4.3 million long-tenured displaced workers were reemployed, up from 56
percent in January 2012 and 49 percent in January 2010. (See table 1.)
--Thirty-five
percent of long-tenured displaced workers from the 2011-13 period cited that they lost their job
because their plant or company closed down or moved; an additional 33 percent
cited insufficient work, and 32 percent said their position or shift was
abolished. (See table 2.)
--Eighteen percent
of long-tenured displaced workers lost a job in manufacturing. (See table 4.)
--Among
long-tenured workers who were displaced from full-time wage and salary jobs and
were reemployed in such jobs in January 2014, 52 percent had earnings that were
as much or greater than those of their lost job, up from 46 percent in the
prior survey. (See table 7.)
Characteristics of
the Displaced
Sixty-one percent of the 4.3 million long-tenured displaced
workers were reemployed at the time of the survey in January 2014, up from 56
percent for the January 2012 survey. The proportion unemployed at the time of
the most recent survey was 21 percent, down from 27 percent in the January 2012
survey and from 36 percent in the January 2010 survey. Eighteen percent of
long-tenured displaced workers were not in the labor force in January 2014,
about unchanged from the previous survey. (See table 1.)
In January 2014, the reemployment rate was 68 percent for
workers ages 25 to 54.
Reemployment rates were lower for older workers. The rates
for those ages 55 to 64 and 65 years and over were 53 percent and 23 percent,
respectively. Among those age 65 and over, 64 percent were no longer in the
labor force when surveyed, up from 49 percent in the prior survey.
Among long-tenured displaced workers, men had a higher
reemployment rate (64 percent) in January 2014 than women (58 percent). The
reemployment rate for men increased by 3 percentage points from the prior
survey, and the rate for women rose by 8 percentage points. Displaced men and
women were about equally likely to be unemployed at the time of the survey in
January 2014--22 percent and 20 percent, respectively. The share of displaced
men who had left the labor force, at 14 percent, continued to be lower than
that for women--22 percent.
In January 2014, the reemployment rates for long-tenured
displaced Hispanics (65 percent), whites (62 percent), and blacks (55 percent)
were higher than in January 2012. The reemployment rate for Asians, at 59
percent, changed little from the prior survey.
Reason for Job Loss
and Receipt of Advance Notice
Of the 4.3 million long-tenured workers displaced during the
January 2011 through December 2013 period, 35 percent lost or left their jobs
due to plant or company closings or moves, 33 percent were displaced due to
insufficient work, and 32 percent were displaced because their position or
shift was abolished. (See table 2.)
Forty percent of long-tenured displaced workers in the
January 2014 survey received written advance notice that their jobs would be
terminated, about the same proportion as in the January 2012 survey. Workers
who lost jobs during the 2011-13 period due to plant or company closings or
moves continued to be most likely to receive written advance notice. Of this
group, 57 percent received such notice. In contrast, 35 percent of workers who
were displaced because their position or shift was abolished and 28 percent of
those who lost jobs due to insufficient work were notified in advance. For each
of these groups, reemployment rates were not statistically different for those
who received written advanced notice and those who did not. (See table 3.)
Industry and
Occupation
During the 2011-13 period, 765,000 long-tenured
manufacturing workers were displaced from their jobs--18 percent of all
long-tenured displaced workers.
Manufacturing displacements occurred mostly in the durable
goods component (462,000). Workers in wholesale and retail trade and in
professional and business services each accounted for 14 percent of all
long-tenured displaced. (See table 4.)
Among the major industry groups, reemployment rates were
higher than the overall reemployment rate for displaced workers (61 percent)
for the following:
transportation and utilities (69 percent), leisure and
hospitality (69 percent), construction (68 percent), and information (67
percent). Workers displaced from wholesale and retail trade and from other
services were the least likely to be reemployed (58 percent each). (Workers
were not necessarily reemployed in the same industries from which they were
displaced.)
Reemployment rates differed by major occupation, but were
highest for those displaced from management, professional, and related
occupations (67 percent) and from
natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations (66 percent). The
rates were lower for those displaced from sales and office occupations (56
percent) and production, transportation, and material moving occupations (54
percent). Compared with the January 2012 survey, reemployment rates were higher
in January 2014 for displaced workers from management, professional, and
related occupations; service occupations; and sales and office occupations.
Reemployment rates for workers displaced from the two other major occupational
groups were similar across the 2014 and 2012 surveys. (See table 5.)
Geographic Divisions
The number of long-tenured workers displaced during the
2011-13 period declined from the 2009-11 period in all geographic divisions of
the United States. In January 2014, reemployment rates ranged from 74 percent
for the New England division to 53 percent for the Middle Atlantic division.
(See table 6.)
Earnings
Of the 2.2 million displaced workers who lost full-time wage
and salary jobs during the 2011-13
period and were reemployed, 1.8 million had full-time wage and salary jobs in January 2014. Of these
reemployed full-time workers who reported earnings on their lost job, the
proportion that were earning as much or more than they did at their lost job
was 52 percent in January 2014, up from 46 percent in January 2012. The
proportion who reported earnings losses of 20 percent or more fell to 27
percent in January 2014. (See table 7.)
Total Displaced
Workers (With No Tenure Restriction)
The total number of workers displaced between January 2011
and December 2013 (regardless of how long they had held their jobs) was 9.5
million, down by 3.3 million from the 2009-11 survey period. Of the total
number of workers who lost jobs over the 2011-13 period, 61 percent were
reemployed, up from 57 percent in the prior survey. The proportion unemployed
fell by 4 percentage points to 24 percent in January 2014. (See table 8.)
- Displaced Workers Technical Note
- Table 1. Long-tenured displaced workers (1) by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and employment status in January 2014
- Table 2. Long-tenured displaced workers (1) by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and reason for job loss, January 2014
- Table 3. Long-tenured displaced workers (1) by whether they received written advance notice, reason for job loss, and employment status in January 2014
- Table 4. Long-tenured displaced workers (1) by industry and class of worker of lost job and employment status in January 2014
- Table 5. Long-tenured displaced workers (1) by occupation of lost job and employment status in January 2014
- Table 6. Long-tenured displaced workers (1) by selected characteristics and area of residence in January 2014
- Table 7. Long-tenured displaced workers (1) who lost full-time wage and salary jobs and were reemployed in January 2014 by industry of lost job and characteristics of new job
- Table 8. Total displaced workers (1) by selected characteristics and employment status in January 2014
- HTML version of the entire news release
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
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