JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – APRIL 2015
The number of job openings rose to 5.4
million on the last business day of April, the highest since the series began
in December 2000, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today.
The number of hires was little changed at 5.0 million in April and the number
of separations was little changed at 4.9 million.
Within separations, the quits rate was 1.9 percent and
the layoffs and discharges rate was 1.3 percent, both little different from the
previous month. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job
openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by four
geographic regions.
Job Openings
Job openings rose to 5.4 million on the last
business day of April, the highest point since the series began in December
2000. The job openings rate for April 2015 was 3.7 percent. The number
of job openings increased for total private and was essentially unchanged for
government. At the industry level, job openings rose over the month in health
care and social assistance but fell in arts, entertainment, and recreation. In
the regions, job openings increased in the West. (See table 1.)
The number of job openings (not seasonally adjusted)
increased over the 12 months ending in April for total nonfarm, total private,
and government. Job openings increased over the year for many industries with
the largest changes occurring in professional and business services and in
health care and social assistance. Job openings decreased over the year in
mining and logging and in arts, entertainment, and recreation. The number of
job openings increased over the year in all four regions. (See table 7.)
Hires
The number of hires was 5.0 million in April, little
changed from March. The hires rate was 3.5 percent.
The number of hires was little changed for total private
and government in April. There was little change in the number of hires in all
industries and regions over the month. (See table 2.)
Over the 12 months ending in April, the number of hires
(not seasonally adjusted) was little changed for total nonfarm and total
private, and increased for government. At the industry level, hires increased
in accommodation and food services and in state and local government. The
number of hires decreased over the year in mining and logging and in arts,
entertainment, and recreation. The number of hires was essentially unchanged
over the year in all four regions. (See table 8.)
Separations
Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Total separations is referred to as turnover. Quits are
generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits
rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs.
Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer.
Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, and
disability, as well as transfers to other locations of the same firm.
There were 4.9 million total separations in April, little
changed from March. The separations rate was 3.5 percent. The number of total
separations was little changed for total private and government, and in all
industries and regions over the month. (See table 3.)
There were 2.7 million quits in April, little changed
from March. The quits rate in April was 1.9
percent. The number of quits was little changed for total
private and government over the month. The number of quits did not increase
over the month for any industries, but fell in retail trade and in accommodation
and food services. In all four regions, the number of quits was little changed
in April. (See table 4.)
The number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) increased
over the 12 months ending in April for total nonfarm, total private, and
government. Over the year, quits increased in several industries with the largest
rises occurring in durable goods manufacturing; finance and insurance; and
health care and social assistance. The number of quits increased over the year
in the South region. (See table 10.)
There were 1.8 million layoffs and discharges in April,
about the same as in March. The layoffs and discharges rate was 1.3 percent.
The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed over the month for
total private and government, and in all four regions. (See table 5.)
Seasonally adjusted estimates of layoffs and discharges are not available for
individual industries.
The number of layoffs and discharges (not seasonally
adjusted) was little changed over the 12 months ending in April for total
nonfarm, total private, and government. The number of layoffs and discharges increased
over the year in mining and logging and in accommodation and food services, but
decreased in health care and social assistance. There was little change in
layoffs and discharges over the year in all four regions. (See table 11.)
In April, there were 395,000 other separations for total
nonfarm, about the same as in March. Over the month, the number of other
separations was little changed for total private at 326,000 and for government
at 69,000. (See table 6.) Seasonally adjusted estimates of other separations
are not available for individual industries or regions.
Over the 12 months ending in April, the number of other
separations (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed for total nonfarm,
total private, and government, and in all industries and regions. (See table
12.)
Net Change in
Employment
Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month
throughout the business cycle. Net
employment change results from the relationship between
hires and separations. When the number of hires exceeds the number of
separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining.
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the
number of separations, employment declines, even if the hires level is steady
or rising. Over the 12 months ending in April 2015, hires totaled 60.0 million and
separations totaled 57.2 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.8
million. These totals include workers who may have been hired and
separated more than once during the year.
- Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted
- Job Openings and Labor Turnover Technical Note
- Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
- Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
- Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
- Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
- Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
- Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
- Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
- Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
- Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
- Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
- Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
- Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
- HTML version of the entire news release
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
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