There were 4.0 million job openings on the last business day
of December, little changed from November, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
reported today. The hires rate (3.2 percent) and separations rate (3.2 percent)
were little changed in December. This release includes estimates of the number
and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by
industry and by geographic region.
Job Openings
There were 4.0 million job openings in December, little
changed from November. The number of openings was little changed in total
private and decreased in government. The number of job openings decreased in
health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment, and recreation; and
state and local government. The Midwest region experienced a decline in job
openings in December. (See table 1.)
The number of job openings (not seasonally adjusted)
increased over the year for total nonfarm and total private and was little
changed for government. Over the year, the number of job openings increased in mining
and logging; nondurable goods manufacturing; wholesale trade; professional and
business services; and accommodation and food services. The job openings level
decreased in healthcare and social assistance as well as federal government.
The West region experienced an increase in job openings over the 12 months
ending in December. (See table 7.)
Hires
There were 4.4 million hires in December, little changed
from November. The number of hires was essentially unchanged for total private
and government. The number of hires was little changed in all industries and in
all four regions. (See table 2.)
Over the 12 months ending in December, the number of hires
(not seasonally adjusted) changed little for total nonfarm, total private, and
government. Hires levels were little changed in all industries and in all four
regions. (See table 8.)
Separations
Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Total separations is referred to as turnover. Quits are
generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits
rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs.
Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer.
Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, and disability,
as well as transfers to other locations of the same firm.
There were 4.4 million total separations in December, little
changed from November. The number of total separations was essentially
unchanged for total private and government. (See table 3.)
In December, the quits rate was little changed at 1.7
percent for total nonfarm. The rate was little changed for total private (1.9
percent) and unchanged for government (0.6 percent). The quits rate decreased
over the month for accommodation and food services and was little changed in
all four regions. (See table 4.)
The number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) increased over
the 12 months ending in December for total nonfarm and total private and was
little changed for government. The number of quits rose over the year in
several industries and in the West region. (See table 10.)
The layoffs and discharges rate was little changed in
December at 1.2 percent. The rate was little changed over the month for total
private (1.3 percent) and unchanged for government (0.4 percent). The layoffs
and discharges rate was little changed in all four regions. Seasonally adjusted
estimates of layoffs and discharges are not available for individual
industries. (See table 5.)
The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted)
was little changed over the 12 months ending in December for total nonfarm,
total private, and government. The number of layoffs and discharges was little
changed over the year ending in December for all industries and in all four
regions. (See table 11.)
In December, there were 390,000 other separations for total
nonfarm, little changed from November. The number of other separations was
little changed over the month for total private and government. (See table 6.)
Seasonally adjusted estimates of other separations are not available for
individual industries or regions. Over the 12 months ending in November, the
number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm and total
private and decreased for government. (See table 12.)
Net Change in Employment
Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month
throughout the business cycle. Net employment change results from the
relationship between hires and separations. When the number of hires exceeds
the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady
or declining. Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of
separations, employment declines, even if the hires level is steady or rising.
Over the 12 months ending in December 2013, hires totaled 53.3 million and
separations totaled 51.4 million, yielding a net employment gain of 1.9
million. These figures include workers who may have been hired and separated
more than once during the year.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for
January 2014 are scheduled to be
released on Tuesday, March 11, 2014 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
Revisions to the
JOLTS Data
With the release of January data on March 11, the BLS will
revise the job openings, hires, and separations data to incorporate the annual
updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS
seasonal adjustment factors. Unadjusted data and seasonally adjusted data from
December 2000 forward are subject to revision. Also effective with the release of
January data, durable goods manufacturing and nondurable goods manufacturing
data will be available on a seasonally adjusted basis.
- Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted
- Job Openings and Labor Turnover Technical Note
- Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
- Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
- Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
- Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
- Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
- Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
- Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
- Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
- Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
- Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
- Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
- Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
- HTML version of the entire news release
Job Openings and Labor Turnover Summary
For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, February 11, 2014 USDL-14-0216
Technical information: (202) 691-5870 •
JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact: (202)
691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
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